[视频]需要被揭穿的谬论

需要被揭穿的谬论

Here are some common myths that are widely believed, but simply don’t stand up when put to the test.  You may not agree that these are myths, but that’s normal.  We tend to believe what we want to believe and what we intuitively feel should be true.  I’d rather go with the evidence and the following are some beliefs that I am convinced are myths.

这些都是被普遍认可的说法，但在实践过后根本就站不住脚。你也许不同意这些是谬论，这很正常。我们都倾向于相信那些我们愿意相信的或者直觉感到应该是真的事情。我会跟随事实证据，证明以下这些说法就是谬论。

Parents Have a Big Impact on How Their Children Turn Out

父母对于孩子的培养有很大的作用

Actually parents get far too much credit and far too much blame.  They have much less influence than almost anyone believes.  The exception to this is extreme environments like abuse or severe neglect.  However, in the very broad range of a “normal” environment, the evidence is clearly on the side of 1) genes and 2) the child’s social circle as having the most influence.  Biological siblings raised apart turn out about as similar as biological siblings raised together.  Non-biological siblings raised together turn out about as different as any two people randomly selected off the street.

事实上父母太冤枉了。他们比人们相信的具有少得多的影响力，除非是极端的比如虐待或者忽视这种情况。在大多数正常的情况下，事实证明最具影响力的是：1、基因，2、孩子的社交圈子。亲生兄弟姐妹分开养育和一起养育结果是相似的。而非亲生的兄弟姐妹在一起养育，结果还是会像大街上随机选择的两个人那样不同。

Brainstorming Works

头脑风暴是有用的

Possibly, but group brainstorming is consistently shown to produce lower quality ideas than those produced by the same people working alone.  Interesting!

也许，但是头脑风暴始终表现出的结果是：比人们单独思考想出的点子还要差。有意思！

There is Safety in Numbers

人多力量大

Actually if you need help you are better off if there is only one person around to help.  Beyond that the fewer the better.  It is estimated that 90% of the time people are more likely to help if alone than if they are among a group of people.  It is speculated that in crowds people look to others for social proof of what to do.  So everyone watches everyone else do nothing and does the same thing – nothing.

实际上，如果你需要帮助而只有一个人在的话，你最好放弃。超过一个人，则越少越好。具估计，人们90%的时间里更愿意帮忙，当他们单独的时候，而不是和一群人在一起的时候。具推测，在群体里面，人们通过观察别人怎样做来得到参考的榜样。每个人都看到别人在观察而没做事情，所以他们也一样，什么也不做。

We Only Use 10% of Our Brain

我们只用了大脑的10%

If you believe this you shouldn’t worry about somebody cutting some of that excess 90% out of your head.  We actually use all of our brain.  That doesn’t mean we exploit our full intellectual potential or that we can’t make a lot more connections because we clearly can.  But if you used only 10% of your brain you wouldn’t be reading this.

如果你相信这个说法的话，那么你就不该担心有人把你剩下90%的大脑切掉吧。实际上我们使用了全部的大脑。这不是说我们完全开发了智力潜能，或者我们不能再思考更多，我们当然可以。但是如果你只用了你的大脑的10%，那么你就不会阅读这篇文章了。

You Can Learn to Speed Read

你可以学会加速阅读

The speed of reading is strictly limited by physiological limits on the speed which the eyes can move and the number of words that can be seen at once with enough clarity to be recognized.  There is very little that can be done to change those factors.  Speed readers are simply skipping many of the words, so they aren’t reading more words per minutes.  Comprehension declines in speed reading that exceeds those physical limitations.

阅读的速度取决于你的生理极限，也就是眼睛移动的速度，还有你一眼可以清晰识别的单词的数量。要改变这个事实几乎不可能。速读者其实跳过了很多词语，这样他们就能在每分钟内阅读更多的单词。在速读中理解会下降，而理解力的作用超越了生理的那些限制。

Familiarity Breeds Contempt

熟悉会引起轻视

Actually familiarity breeds favor.  Things that you are repeatedly exposed to are preferred and this has been shown in many studies.  As one familiar example, generally the more times you hear a song, the better you like it.

实际上熟悉会引起好感。在很多研究中都显示，你会更喜欢那些不断重复的出现的事物。一个熟悉的例子就是，你听一首歌的时间越多，你就越喜欢它。

Opposites Attract

异性相吸

They not only do not attract, they do not last.  Opposites repel, believe it or not.  Relationships between people last longer the more similar they are.  Just in general people like other people who are similar to them.

它们不但不相吸，而且更不会长久。不管你相信不相信，相反的东西是相互排斥的。两个人如果越相似，他们的关系就越持久。总的来说，人们都喜欢那些和他们相似的人。

Birth Order Personality Traits

出生顺序影响个性特征

I admit I was a big believer in this one.  It seems so true.  However I accept the evidence of major studies that show birth order is only very weakly linked to a few traits.  It matters very little in personality and the studies that originally showed the effect have been shown to be flawed.

我承认我曾经非常相信这个说法。它似乎是真的。然而我接受大多数研究证明的结果，出生顺序和个性特征只有非常微弱的联系。它只有非常小的影响，而之前的研究显示的出生顺序的影响已经被证明是错误的。

We Know Why We Do Things

我们知道为什么我们做这些事情

The evidence is accumulating that much of the time when we think we know why we do something, it is just a story we tell ourselves that sounds plausible  It doesn’t mean we really know why we did it.  We might have just made up something that sounds good and we won’t don’t know the difference.

有积累的证据证明，大多数时候我们以为我们知道为什么做某些事情，而实际上这只是我们自己编的故事。这并不意味着我们真正知道为什么这样做，我们可能只是编造了一些好听的话。我们不会不知道这些区别。

还是有点道理的

总觉得两方都有道理呢

基因对成长确实影响很大。

谬论吗..不是很懂

好像以前在哪里看过的
即使是谬论 大多数人都是不相信的吧